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The Complete Blood Count (CBC) is one of the most commonly ordered blood tests. It gives a broad snapshot of your overall health by measuring the different types of cells in your blood. Doctors use it to screen for infections, anaemia, clotting problems and many other conditions.
What the CBC measures
- Haemoglobin (Hb) — the protein in red cells that carries oxygen; low levels indicate anaemia.
- Red Blood Cells (RBC) — carry oxygen from your lungs to the rest of the body.
- White Blood Cells (WBC) — fight infection; high or low counts can signal illness.
- Platelets — help your blood clot and stop bleeding.
- Haematocrit (PCV) & indices (MCV, MCH, MCHC) — describe the size and quality of red cells.
Typical adult reference ranges
| Parameter | Typical range |
|---|---|
| Haemoglobin (men) | 13.0 – 17.0 g/dL |
| Haemoglobin (women) | 12.0 – 15.0 g/dL |
| WBC count | 4,000 – 11,000 /µL |
| Platelet count | 1.5 – 4.1 lakh /µL |
Note: Ranges vary by age, sex, altitude and laboratory. Use the range on your own
report for interpretation.
Why is a CBC done?
- To investigate fatigue, weakness, fever or unexplained bruising;
- As part of a routine health check-up;
- To monitor a known condition or the effect of medication;
- Before surgery or other medical procedures.
How to prepare
A CBC usually needs no special preparation and no fasting, unless it is part of a wider panel that does (such as a lipid or glucose profile). Follow any instructions given at the time of booking.
Disclaimer: This article is for general educational purposes only and does not
constitute medical advice. Please consult a qualified physician for diagnosis and treatment.